%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 1 /Kids [ 2 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFF62f48107 65 0 R /QuickPDFF9d702dd9 108 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 109 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20200415102352+02'00') /ModDate (D:20200415102352+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 2182 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFF9d702dd9 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 69.5848 770.8329 Tm (New Observational Methods for Water, Weather and Climate in Africa with)Tj 1 0 0 1 198.1048 752.1709 Tm (Results from the TWIGA Project)Tj ET /QuickPDFF9d702dd9 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 218.8063 717.2179 Tm (Nick van de Giesen \(Netherlands\))Tj ET /QuickPDFF9d702dd9 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 675.188 Tm 14.663 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFF62f48107 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 646.8416 Tm 14.454 TL (Africa lacks behind most of the rest of the world when it comes to environmental observations. Only about)' (sixty meteorological stations deliver operational data that are fed into forecast systems. No wonder that)' (rainfall predictions for tomorrow in most of Africa are about as \(un\)reliable as ten day forecasts in Europe.)' (The good news is that new sensors, cheap electronics, and extensive cell phone coverage could very well)' (facilitate an environmental observation revolution in Africa. The European TWIGA project)' (\(www.twiga-h2020.eu\) tries to accomplish exactly that. Here, some examples are presented that may be of)' (interest to a broader public. For example, GPS/GNSS receivers for consumers have much improved over the)' (past years as a result of the quest for self-driving cars. These receivers now use two frequencies, which was)' (previously only done by expensive geodetic stations. We use these receivers to estimate atmospheric water)' (content with near-millimeter accuracy and to make accurate flood hazard maps. Although no panacea for the)' (continents massive challenges, these and similar instruments will support sustainable development of its)' (human and natural resources.)' ET /QuickPDFF62f48107 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 150.7097 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (New Observational Methods for Water, Weather and Climate in Africa with Results from the TWIGA Project \(10818\))' (Nick van de Giesen \(Netherlands\))' ()' (FIG Working Week 2020)' (Smart surveyors for land and water management)' (Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1014 May 2020)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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